Arminfo.info



 Четверг, 13 Февраля 2014

Манукян Карина

Хвостохранилища Армении как мина замедленного действия

Хвостохранилища Армении как мина замедленного действия

Несмотря на
сеьезные риски для окружающей среды, в Армении рекультивация хвостохранилищ по­прежнему
осуществляется лишь на словах. Об этом в беседе с АрмИнфо заявил глава
"Союза зеленых Армении" Акоп Санасарян.


По его словам, из всех хвостохранилищ,
которые считаются закрытыми, тяжелые металлы просачиваются в окружающую среду.
В итоге опасными элементами загрязняются не только почва, но и водные ресурсы.
К примеру, Дастакертское хвостохранилище в Сюнике уже 35 лет, как считается
закрытым, однако факт остается фактом: его ядовистые вещества смешиваются с
водами реки Айри. В неменьшей опасности и река Вохчи, ведь как на самой реке,
так и на ее притоке, находятся несколько хвостохранилищ, изоляция которых
оставляет желать лучшего.


Санасарян подчеркнул, что хвостохранилища
должны быть огорожены колючей проволокой с целью предотврать проникновение на
их территорию людей и домашнего скота. В реальности же это требование не
соблюдается.  В итоге в непосредственной
близости от отходов горнорудной деятельности осуществляется выпас скота.


Кроме того, жители ближайших населенных
пунктов не гнушаются в опасной зоне собирать лечебные травы и выращивать овощи.
В качестве примера Санасарян привел Каджаранское хвостохранилище, где сельчане
выращивают картошку, свеклу, лук и чеснок. В тоже время в хвостохранилищах
содержатся тяжелые металлы, и даже их невысокие концентрации в почве и
поливочной воде могут привести к многократному повышению этих концентраций в
определенных растениях или животных продуктах.


Накапливаясь в организме, эти элементы
"бьют" по наследственности и воспроизводству. Опасность заключается в
том, что негативный эффект от употребления в пищу продуктов с высоким
содержанием ртути, свинца проявляется через годы, десятилетия, и даже на
следующих поколениях.


"Я считаю, что этой проблеме должно
уделять повышенное внимание Министерство здравоохранения, однако вместо этого
оно полностью игнорирует сложившуюся ситуацию. А это - серьезное
преступление", - подчеркнул Санасарян.


Экологи уже не первый год обращают
внимание на то, что в Армении разработка месторождений идет вразрез с развитием
туризма и чистого сельского хозяйства. По оценкам экспертов, загрязнение
окружающей среды тяжелыми металлами происходит в таких размерах, что это
приводит к их проникновению в пищевые цепи. Подчеркивается, что корень проблемы
лежит в серьезных проблемах в законодательном поле, а так же в огромных
масштабах коррупции.



Самым чувствительным ударом по сфере охраны природы
стало принятие нового "Кодекса о недрах". Так, отсутствие в документе
понятия хвосты открывает перед компаниями перспективу существенно снижать
налогооблагаемую базу. Кроме того, после выработки месторождений нести
ответственность за хвосты будут не компании, а государство. 

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